Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.
Lichenogr. Univ.: 442, 1810. Basionym: Lichen prunastri L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1147, 1753.
Synonyms: Evernia arenaria auct.; Evernia herinii P.A. Duvign.; Evernia prunastri var. herinii (P.A. Duvign.) Maas Geest.; Evernia prunastri var. retusa Ach.; Evernia prunastri var. vulgaris f. minima Jatta; Letharia arenaria auct.; Parmelia prunastri (L.) Ach.
Description: Thallus subfoliose to fruticose, attached with a basal holdfast, erect and tufted to subpendent, to 12 cm long (usually less), not rigid; branches flattened, strap-shaped to almost linear, dorsiventral, (1-)2-3(-5) mm wide, green to yellowish green (rarely grey) above, white beneath, the upper surface incompletely and shallowly ridged, the margins with irregular, elongated soralia, the soredia finely to coarsely granular, usually white. Cortex thin (especially the lower one), of anticlinally arranged, small-celled hyphae; medulla white, lax, without compact hyphal strands. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, marginal, substipitate, up to 1.5 cm across, with a brown disc and a thin thalline margin. Proper exciple colourless; epithecium brownish, hymenium colourless; paraphyses mostly simple, thick, septate, hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, 7-11 x 4-6 µm. Pycnidia very rare, c. 0.3 mm across, laminal and marginal, immersed, roundish, with dark ostioles. Conidia pleurogenous, bacilliform, straight, 6-7 x c. 0.5 µm. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K+ yellow (rarely K-), C-, KC+ yellow (rarely KC-), P-, UV-; medulla K-, KC-, C-, UV-. Chemistry: evernic and usnic acids (the latter absent in the rare var. herinii), atranorin and chloroatranorin.
Growth form: Fruticose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Montane belt: very common
Dry submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (40098)
2001/12/03
detail of soredia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34317)
2001/12/24
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Sicilia, Agrigento, Pantelleria
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi
2010
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, Carnic Alps (Ampezzo Carnico) 1000 m; altitude: 1000 m
12/08/2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Curtis Randall Björk – CC BY-SA 4.0
Swordfish Island, British Columbia, Canada
30.11.2018
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Rosnoen
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Rosnoen
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Crozon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, L'Aber
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, L'Aber
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Argol
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid]
K-, C-, KC-, P-.
Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen.
Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid]
K-, C-, KC-, P-.
Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen.
Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid]
K-, C-, KC-, P-.
Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen.
Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Ebensfeld
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Baldo
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Baldo 1855
Growth form: Fruticose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Montane belt: very common
Dry submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (40098)
2001/12/03
detail of soredia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34317)
2001/12/24
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Sicilia, Agrigento, Pantelleria
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi
2010
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Lago di Sauris, Bosco della Stua, Carnic Alps (Ampezzo Carnico) 1000 m; altitude: 1000 m
12/08/2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19641], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Göppingen, Oberholz beim Waldheim, 48.717099° N, 9.655651° E, 379 m, Laubwald. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 25.03.2017
Curtis Randall Björk – CC BY-SA 4.0
Swordfish Island, British Columbia, Canada
30.11.2018
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Rosnoen
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Rosnoen
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Crozon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, L'Aber
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, L'Aber
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Argol
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bouffinier- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Landevennec
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=lichens&lettre=E&lang=en
France, Drôme provençale
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid] K-, C-, KC-, P-. Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen. Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid] K-, C-, KC-, P-. Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen. Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Evernic acid] K-, C-, KC-, P-. Umkristallisation in heißem G.E (G.E. Glycerin + Eisessig 2:1). . Identifizierbare Kristalle in 5-10 Minuten; lange farblose Bäumchen. Standardflechte: Evernia prunastri
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Ebensfeld
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Baldo
