Systematic arrangement of genera

The taxonomy of fungi, including lichenised species, has been subjected to many important changes in the last decades, especially thanks to developments in molecular systematics. This process is far from being completed, and several taxonomical changes are to be expected in the near future. In the present checklist, accepted taxa are listed alphabetically. In order to provide a help for those interested in the phylogeny of lichenised fungi occurring in Italy, we add here an updated taxonomical scheme that follows, with some minor changes, the Syllabus of Plant Families (Jaklitsch & al. 2016) and the recent overview by Lücking & al. (2016), limited to genera occurring in Italy.

Phylum Ascomycota
Subphylum Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Class Arthoniomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Order Arthoniales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Arthoniaceae Rchb. ex Rchb. - Arthonia, Arthothelium, Coniocarpon, Diarthonis, Inoderma, Leprantha, Naevia, Pachnolepia, Reichlingia, Sporodophoron, Synarthonia.
Chrysotrichaceae Zahlbr. - Chrysothrix (incl. Alysphaeria).
Lecanographaceae Ertz, Tehler, G. Thor & Frisch - Alyxoria, Lecanographa, Phacographa, Zwackhia.
Opegraphaceae Körb. ex Stizenb. - Opegrapha (incl. Diplogramma), Paralecanographa, Sparria.
Roccellaceae Chevall. - Cresponea, Dendrographa, Dirina, Diromma, Enterographa, Gyrographa, Lecanactis (incl. Sagenidium), Ocellomma, Pseudoschismatomma, Psoronactis, Roccella (incl. Roccellodea), Schismatomma, Syncesia.
Rocellographaceae Ertz & Tehler - Roccellographa (incl. Peterjamesia).
Arthoniales gen. inc. sed. - Bactrospora, Bryostigma, Felipes, Phacothecium.
Class Candelariomycetes Voglmayr & Jaklitsch
Subclass Candelariomycetidae Miadl. & al. ex Timdal & M. Westb.
Order Candelariales Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch
Candelariaceae Hakul. - Candelaria, Candelariella.
Pycnoraceae Bendiksby & Timdal - Pycnora.
Class Coniocybomycetes M. Prieto & Wedin
Order Coniocybales M. Prieto & Wedin
Coniocybaceae Rchb. - Chaenotheca, Sclerophora.
Class Dothideomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Order Asterinales M.E. Barr ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Asterinaceae Hansf. - Labrocarpon, Melaspileella.
Asterinales gen. inc. sed. - Hazslinszkya.
Order Collemopsidiales Pérez-Ortega, Garrido-Benavent & Grube
Xanthopyreniaceae Zahlbr. - Collemopsidium.
Order Eremithallales Lücking & Lumbsch
Melaspileaceae Walt. Watson - Encephalographa, Melaspilea.
Order Lichenotheliales K. Knudsen, Muggia & K.D. Hyde
Lichenotheliaceae Henssen - Lichenothelia.
Order Monoblastiales Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & K.D. Hyde
Monoblastiaceae Walt. Watson - Acrocordia, Anisomeridium.
Order Mycosphaerellales (Nannf.) P.F. Cannon
Cystocoleaceae Loq. ex Lücking - Cystocoleus.
Order Pleosporales Luttrell ex M.E. Barr
Arthopyreniaceae W. Watson - Arthopyrenia, Mycomicrothelia.
Dacampiaceae Koerb. - Dacampia, Eopyrenula.
Mycoporaceae Zahlbr. - Mycoporum.
Order Racodiales Abdollahz. & crous
Racodiaceae Link - Racodium.
Order Strigulales Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & K.D. Hyde
Strigulaceae Zahlbr. - Dichoporis, Strigula, Swinscowia.
Order Trypetheliales Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman
Trypetheliaceae Zenker - Julella.
Dothideomycetes fam. inc. sed.
Naetrocymbaceae Höhnel ex R.C. Harris - Leptorhaphis, Tomasellia (incl. Athrismidium).
Class Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Dowell
Order Phaeomoniellales K.-H. Chen, A.E. Arnold, Gueidan & Lutzoni
Celotheliaceae Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman - Celothelium.
Order Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Pyrenulaceae Rabenh. - Blastodesmia, Lithothelium, Pyrenula.
Order Verrucariales Mattick ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Verrucariaceae Zenker - Agonimia, Anthracocarpon, Atla, Bagliettoa, Catapyrenium, Clavascidium, Dermatocarpon, Endocarpon, Halospora, Henrica, Heteroplacidium, Hydropunctaria, Involucropyrenium, Neocatapyrenium, Normandina, Parabagliettoa, Phylloblastia (incl. Pocsia), Placidiopsis, Placidium, Placocarpus, Placopyrenium, Polyblastia, Psoroglaena, Sporodictyon, Staurothele, Thelidium, Verrucaria, Verrucula, Verruculopsis.
Verrucariales gen. inc. sed. - Botryolepraria.
Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell
Order Mycocaliciales Tibell & Wedin
Mycocaliciaceae A.F.W. Schmidt - Chaenothecopsis, Mycocalicium, Phaeocalicium, Pyrgidium, Sphinctrina, Stenocybe.
Class Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Subclass Acarosporomycetidae V. Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux
Order Acarosporales V. Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux
Acarosporaceae Zahlbr. - Acarospora, Caeruleum, Glypholecia, Myriospora, Pleopsidium, Sarcogyne, Timdalia.
Eigleraceae Hafellner - Eiglera.
Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & al.
Order Caliciales Bessey
Caliciaceae Chevall. - Acolium, Amandinea, Buellia, Calicium, Dimelaena, Diploicia, Diplotomma, Endohyalina, Monerolechia, Pseudothelomma, Pyxine, Tetramelas, Thelomma.
Physciaceae Zahlbr. - Anaptychia, Coscinocladium, Heterodermia, Hyperphyscia, Leucodermia, Phaeophyscia, Phaeorrhiza, Physcia, Physciella, Physconia, Polyblastidium, Rinodina, Rinodinella, Tornabea.
Order Lecanorales Nannf.
Biatorellaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner & Casares-Porcel - Biatorella.
Carbonicolaceae Bendiksby & Timdal - Carbonicola.
Catillariaceae Hafellner - Catillaria, Placolecis, Solenopsora.
Cladoniaceae Zenker - Cladonia, Pilophorus, Pycnothelia.
Haematommataceae Hafellner - Haematomma.
Lecanoraceae Körb. - Adelolecia, Bryodina, Bryonora, Carbonea, Clauzadeana, Frutidella, Japewia, Japewiella, Lecanora, Lecidella, ?Miriquidica, Myriolecis, Palicella, Protoparmeliopsis, Psorinia, Pyrrhospora, Rhizoplaca .
Malmideaceae Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch - Cheiromycina.
Megalariaceae Hafellner - Megalaria.
Parmeliaceae Zenker - Alectoria (incl. Gowardia), Allantoparmelia, Allocetraria, Arctoparmelia, Brodoa, Bryoria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetrelia, Cornicularia, Crespoa, Dactylina, Evernia, Flavoparmelia, Flavopunctelia, Hypogymnia, Hypotrachyna, Imshaugia, Letharia, Lethariella, Melanelia, Melanelixia, Melanohalea, Menegazzia, Montanelia, Nephromopsis, Parmelia, Parmelina, Parmeliopsis, Parmotrema, Platismatia, Pleurosticta, Protoparmelia (incl. Maronina), Pseudephebe, Pseudevernia, Punctelia, Usnea, Xanthoparmelia.
Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr. - Aquacidia, Byssoloma, Fellhanera, Fellhaneropsis, Leimonis, Micarea, Schadonia.
Psilolechiaceae S. Stenroos, Miadl. & Lutzoni - Psilolechia.
Psoraceae Zahlbr. - Brianaria, Glyphopeltis, Protoblastenia, Protomicarea, Psora, Psorula.
Ramalinaceae C. Agardh - Bacidia, Bacidina, Bellicidia, Biatora, Bibbya, Bilimbia, Cliostomum, Frutidella, Kiliasia, Lecania, Mycobilimbia, Phyllopsora, Ramalina, Scutula, Thalloidima, Toninia, Toniniopsis, Waynea.
Ramboldiaceae S. Stenroos, Miadl. & Lutzoni - Ramboldia.
Scoliciosporaceae Hafellner - Scoliciosporum.
Sphaerophoraceae Fr. - Bunodophoron, Sphaerophorus.
Stereocaulaceae Chevall. - Hertelidea, Lepraria, Squamarina, Stereocaulon.
Tephromelataceae Hafellner - Calvitimela, Mycoblastus, Tephromela, Violella.
Lecanorales gen. inc. sed. - Catinaria, Myochroidea, Puttea.
Order Lecideales Vain.
Lecideaceae Chevall. - Amygdalaria, Bellemerea, Bryobilimbia, Cecidonia, Clauzadea, Farnoldia, Immersaria, Koerberiella, Lecidea, Lecidoma, Melanolecia, Porpidia, Porpidinia, ?Pseudopannaria, Romjularia, Stenhammarella.
Lopadiaceae Hafellner - Lopadium.
Order Leprocaulales Lendemer & B.P. Hodk.
Leprocaulaceae Lendemer & B.P. Hodk. - Halecania, Leprocaulon.
Order Peltigerales Walt. Watson
Suborder Collematineae Miadl. & Lutzoni
Coccocarpiaceae (Mont. ex Müll. Arg.) Henssen - Spilonema.
Collemataceae Zenker - Blennothallia, Callome, Collema, Enchylium, Lathagrium, Leptogium, Paracollema, Pseudoleptogium, Rostania, Scytinium.
Pannariaceae Tuck. - Fuscopannaria (incl. Moelleropsis), Nevesia, Pannaria, Parmeliella, Pectenia, Physma, Protopannaria, Psoroma, Psoromidium, Siphulastrum, Staurolemma.
Placynthiaceae E. Dahl - Placynthium.
Suborder Peltigerineae Miadl. & Lutzoni
Koerberiaceae T. Sprib. & Muggia - Koerberia, Vestergrenopsis.
Massalongiaceae Wedin, P.M. Jörg. & Wiklund - Leptochidium, Massalongia, Polychidium.
Peltigeraceae Dumort. - Crocodia, Lobaria, Lobarina, Nephroma, Peltigera, Ricasolia, Solorina, Sticta.
Vahliellaceae Wedin, P.M. Jörg. & S. Ekman - Vahliella.
Order Rhizocarpales Miadl. & Lutzoni
Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner - Catolechia, Epilichen, Poeltinula, Rhizocarpon.
Order Sporastatiales Bendibskyi & Timdal
Sporastatiaceae Bendiksby & Timdal - Sporastatia.
Order Teloschistales D. Hawks. & O.E. Erikss.
Megalosporaceae Vězda ex Hafellner & Bellem. - Megalospora.
Teloschistaceae Zahlbr.
Subfam. Caloplacoideae Arup, Söchting & Frödén - Blastenia, Bryoplaca, Caloplaca, Cephalophysis, Gyalolechia, Huneckia, Kuettlingeria, Leproplaca, Pyrenodesmia, Rufoplaca, Seirophora, Usnochroma, Variospora.
Subfam. Teloschistoideae Arup, Söchting & Frödén - Teloschistes.
Subfam. Xanthorioideae Arup, Söchting & Frödén - Athallia, Calogaya, Cerothallia, Flavoplaca, Parvoplaca, Polycauliona, Rusavskia, Solitaria, Squamulea, Xanthocarpia, Xanthomendoza (incl. Gallowayella, Golubkovia, Honeggeria, Jesmurraya, Oxneria), Xanthocarpia, Xanthoria.
Lecanoromycetidae fam. inc. sed.
Helocarpaceae Hafellner - Helocarpon.
Lecanoromycetes gen. inc. sed. - Petractis, Piccolia.
Subclass Ostropomycetidae V. Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux
Order Baeomycetales Lumbsch, Huhndorf & Lutzoni
Arctomiaceae Th.Fr. - Gabura, Gregorella.
Arthroraphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner - Arthrorhaphis.
Baeomycetaceae Dumort. - Ainoa, Baeomyces, Parainoa.
Hymeneliaceae Körb. - Hymenelia, Ionaspis, Tremolecia.
Protothelenellaceae Vězda, H. Mayrhofer & Poelt - Protothelenella, Thrombium.
Trapeliaceae M. Choisy ex Hertel - Amylora, Placopsis, Placynthiella, Rimularia, Trapelia, Trapeliopsis.
Xylographaceae Tuck. - Lambiella, Lithographa, Xylographa.
Order Graphidales Bessey
Diploschistaceae Zahlbr. - Diploschistes, Xalocoa.
Gomphillaceae Walt. Watson - Diploschistella, Gomphillus, Gyalectidium, Gyalidea, Gyalideopsis, Jamesiella.
Graphidaceae Dumort. - Graphis, Phaeographis.
Thelotremataceae Stizenb. - Thelotrema.
Order Gyalectales Hennsen ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Coenogoniaceae (Fr.) Stizenb. - Coenogonium.
Gyalectaceae (A. Massal.) Stizenb. - Cryptolechia, Gyalecta, Ramonia.
Phlyctidaceae Poelt & Vězda ex J.C. David & D. Hawksw. - Phlyctis.
Sagiolechiaceae Baloch, Lücking, Lumbsch & al. - Sagiolechia.
Trichotheliaceae Bitter & F. Schill. - Porina, Pseudosagedia.
Order Ostropales Nannf.
Stictidaceae Fr. - Absconditella, Cryptodiscus, Thelopsis, Topelia.
Order Pertusariales M. Choisy ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Icmadophilaceae Triebel - Dibaeis, Icmadophila, Thamnolia.
Megasporaceae Lumbsch - Aspicilia, Aspiciliella, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora, Sagedia.
Microcaliciaceae Tibell - Microcalicium.
Ochrolechiaceae R.C. Harris ex Lumbsch & I. Schmitt - Ochrolechia.
Pertusariaceae Körb. ex Körb. - Pertusaria.
Varicellariaceae B.P. Hodk., R.C. Harris & Lendemer ex Lumbsch & Leavitt - Varicellaria.
Variolariaceae Fée ex> Zenker - Lepra.
Order Sarrameanales B.P. Hodk. & Lendemer
Sarrameanaceae Hafellner - Loxospora.
Order Schaereriales Lumbsch & Leavitt ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Schaereriaceae Hafellner - Schaereria.
Order Thelenellales Lumbsch & Leavitt
Thelenellaceae O.E. Erikss. ex H. Mayrhofer - Thelenella.
Ostropomycetidae fam. inc. sed.
Epigloeaceae Zahlbr. - Epigloea.
Ostropomycetidae gen. inc. sed. - Anzina, Aspilidea.
Subclass Umbilicariomycetidae Bendiksby, Hestmark & Timdal
Order Umbilicariales Lumbsch, Hestmark & Lutzoni
Elixiaceae Lumbsch - Elixia.
Fuscideaceae Hafellner - Fuscidea, Maronea, Orphniospora.
Ophioparmaceae R.W. Rogers & Hafellner - Hypocenomyce, Ophioparma.
Ropalosporaceae Hafellner - Ropalospora.
Umbilicariaceae Chevall. - Umbilicaria (incl. Lasallia), Xylopsora.
Class Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Mniaecia lineage - Mniaecia.
Class Lichinomycetes V. Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux
Order Lichinales Henssen & Büdel
Gloeoheppiaceae Henssen - Gloeoheppia.
Lichinaceae Nyl. - Anema, Ephebe, Gyrocollema, Heppia, Lemmopsis, Lempholemma, Lichina, Lichinella, Paulia, Peccania, Phylliscum, Porocyphus, Psorotichia, Pterygiopsis, Pyrenocarpon, Pyrenopsis, Synalissa, Thelignya, Thermutis, Thyrea, Zahlbrucknerella.
Peltulaceae Büdel - Peltula.
Class Sareomycetes Beimforde, A.R. Schmidt, Rikkinen & J.K. Mitch.
Order Sareales Beimforde, A.R. Schmidt, Rikkinen & J.K. Mitch.
Zythiaceae Clem. Zahlbr. - Sarea, Zythia.
Pezizomycotina ord. inc. sed.
Order Thelocarpales Lücking & Lumbsch
Thelocarpaceae Zukal - ?Sarcosagium, Thelocarpon.
Order Vezdaeales Lumbsch & Lücking
Vezdaeaceae Poelt & Vězda ex J.C. David & D. Hawksw. - Vezdaea.
Pezizomycotina fam. inc. sed.
Harpidiaceae Vězda ex Hafellner - Euopsis, Harpidium.
Pezizomycotina gen. inc. sed. - Biatoridium.
Ascomycota fam. inc. sed.
Aphanopsidaceae Printzen & Rambold - Aphanopsis, Steinia.
Strangosporaceae S. Stenroos, Miadl. & Lutzoni - Strangospora.
Phylum Basidiomycota R.T. Moore
Order Agaricales Underw.
Hygrophoraceae Lotsy - Lichenomphalia.
Order: Cantharellales Gäum.
Clavulinaceae Donk - Multiclavula.

References

Jaklitsch W., Baral H.-O., Lücking R., Lumbsch H.T., Frey W. (eds.) - 2016 - Engler's Syllabus of Plant Families. Part 1/2: Ascomycota. - G. Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 322 pp.
Lücking R., Hodkinson B., Leavitt S.D. - 2016 - The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota - Approaching one thousand genera. - Bryologist, 119, 4: 361-416.